Estudo do perfil dos pacientes submetidos ao implante transcateter de prótese valvar aórtica em um hospital terciário

Abstract

Aortic valve replacement (SAVR) was long contraindicated for patients over 75 years of age, leading to the development of less invasive alternatives, such as balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV), which, although offering a temporary interval, brought benefits and limitations in survival. The first transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) occurred in 2002, offering a new approach to aortic stenosis, especially in patients at high surgical risk. TAVI has demonstrated efficacy in improving the quality of life and survival of individuals previously unsuitable for conventional surgery. Given the increasing incidence of cardiovascular diseases and the increase in life expectancy, investigation of TAVI has become urgent. Studies demonstrate that this minimally invasive technique not only improves clinical outcomes but also reduces mortality compared to traditional surgery, providing faster recovery and fewer complications, especially for the elderly population with comorbidities. In Brazil, although limited, the prevalence of non-rheumatic aortic stenosis is significant. TAVI is indicated for patients with high surgical risk or comorbidities that contraindicate conventional surgery, with arterial access preferably via the femoral artery, with possible complications such as infarction and arrhythmias. The general objective of this study is to characterize the profile of patients undergoing TAVI, analyzing age, gender, comorbidities, functional classification and valve anatomy, in addition to complications and echocardiographic changes associated with the procedure. This is a qualitative, observational and analytical study, carried out at the Hospital de Clínicas de Passo Fundo between November 2024 and October 2025. Data analysis will be performed using frequency distributions and measures of central tendency. This research is essential to improve treatment protocols and improve the quality of life of patients with aortic stenosis.