Uma análise das narrativas sobre a Segunda Guerra Mundial no jornal A Voz de Chapecó entre 1939 à 1941

Abstract

This work aims to present the nationalization policies promoted by the Estado Novo government (1937-1945), mainly during the period from 1939 to 1941, when Brazil had not yet entered the world conflict, and to understand how the press narrative functioned in the western region of Santa Catarina, focusing more on the Chapecó region through the newspaper A Voz de Chapecó. Subsequently, it seeks to identify how the nationalization policy was implemented for immigrants and descendants of Germans and Italians, how the speaking of dialects was prohibited, how the policy of terror was applied against these citizens of our region, and the practices of nationalizing descendants of Italians and Germans through the police and education in schools. It aims to understand that the western region of Santa Catarina was a region colonized mainly by Italian and German settlers, who came from Rio Grande do Sul and had already become somewhat disconnected from their country of origin. They came here seeking new opportunities for agricultural production and the creation of new villages and cities, with the protection of timber and the cultivation of yerba mate, which were the major crops of the time in the Western region. With the arrival of the world conflict, there were no such drastic changes, as Brazil remained outside the world conflict until 1942, but according to the 1937 Constitution, a nationalization law was introduced in 1939. What did this law consist of? Decree-Law No. 1,545, of August 25, 1939: This law provided for the adaptation to the national environment of Brazilians of foreign descent, a central aspect of the nationalization policy, requiring the integration of these traditions. From language to culture, local schools were no longer allowed to use foreign languages, restricting themselves to Portuguese as the national mother tongue. This continued until 1945 with the end of the Estado Novo regime governed by Getúlio Vargas. However, in 1942, Brazilian merchant ships were torpedoed by the Germans off the Brazilian coast because Brazil had made an agreement with the United States. Until then, Brazil maintained relations with both Axis countries (Germany, Italy, and Japan) and Allied countries (United States, Soviet Union, and England). Until then, everything was fine while Brazil maintained relations with both blocs. After a delegation from the United States came to Brazil and closer relations with the Allies were strengthened, Germany decided to counter- attack Brazil, causing Brazil to enter the war on the side of the Allies. This led to even greater repression, similar to that of the Axis countries, including police repression and concentration camps. for those who disobey orders imposed by war. The sources to be used for this work come from information published in the newspaper A Voz do Chapecó, between 1939 and 1941 during the Estado Novo period, and the methodology to be used will be the analysis of the narratives preached by the newspaper to a predominantly German and Italian community in the West of the State of Santa Catarina, to determine if they were of a Vargas-era nationalist nature, or if they respected the traditions of the European nations involved in the conflict.