Associação entre o consumo de bebidas açucaradas e a presença de depressão: uma análise da pesquisa nacional de saúde de 2019

Abstract

Depression is a disease with a major impact on society, showing a notable increase in recent decades. It is known to be associated with various factors such as sex, age, and especially lifestyle habits. Among these, unhealthy habits, such as the consumption of ultra-processed food, directly influence the onset of the disease. Sugar-sweetened beverages constitute a large portion of the consumption of ultra- processed products, and there is evidence in the literature associating them with various chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus and systemic diseases. Therefore, investigating the consumption patterns of sugar- sweetened beverages and their possible consequences for mental health, such as depression, is highly relevant This study aims to analyze the association between the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (soft drinks, artificial juices, chocolate- flavored beverages and flavored yogurts) and self-reported diagnosis in Brazilian adults. This is a cross-sectional study that used data from the 2019 National Health Survey (PNS). The data obtained from the PSN website were processed using SPSS® software (25.0). After exclusions, a total of 82,425 participants were included in the study, comprising 37,728 (45.8%) men and 44,697 (54.2%) women, with a prevalence of depression observed in 8,049 participants (9.8%). The analysis found a direct association between the consumption of chocolate-flavored beverages and the prevalence of self-reported depression diagnosis; however, no direct association was found with soft drinks and artificial juices. Finally, a 22% higher prevalence ratio of depression was found among consumers of chocolate-flavored beverages and flavored yogurt, whereas the consumption of soft drinks and artificial juices showed no statistical significance.