Efeitos do mecanismo compactador de semeadoras adubadoras sobre a emergência do milho

Abstract

The precision planter and seeder, used in direct sowing are usually equipped with chisel plow to incorporate the fertilizer and double disc to depositi the seeds. However, there are other components that influence in the seedbed characteristics and the establishment of crops. The soil compaction mechanism is responsible for closing the furrow, pressing the soil on the seed. Among the available models, the most used is the wheel system in a "V", that has a serie of angle opening adjustments of the wheels and of the pressure exerted on the ground. This study was conducted in the experimental area of the Universidade federal da fronteira sul (South frontier federal university) - Campus Cerro Largo in an red clay latosol. It was evaluated the parameters related to corn plants emergence and seedbed characteristics in different angle settings and pressure of a compression mechanism "V". The results indicate that the mechanism of adjustment settings do not influence on the emergence speed, emergence speed index and corn plants population, showing no difference from the control treatment (no mechanism action). However, the component interference on the seedbed was significant. Treatment with higher pressure (82 kPa) and parallel line of the wheels over compacted soil in the row, showing smaller elevation area values and blistering. Treatments with opening angle of 15° showed a soil accumulation at the center of the line, affecting the elevation height. In this same parameter, the control treatment had the lowest values, because of the exposed furrow, and the largest blistering values, and elevation area, due to lack of compression.