Análise histórica, no Brasil, da oferta, demanda e movimento de preços do arroz, feijão, carne bovina e leite (2005-2015)

Abstract

The following study aimed to analyze the historical evolution of the amount of offers, demand and prices variation of the products rice, beans, cattle meat and milk on Brazil through the period between 2005 and 2015. Quantitative data collected on secondary sources were used, from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), the Institute of Economy and Agriculture (IEA), the Company of Nacional Supply (CONAB) and from the CEPEA (Center of Studies on Applied Economics – ESALQ/USP). Softwares Excel and Statistical Package for Social Science – SPSS 21 st version were utilized for descriptive and inferential analysis. The software usage aimed to accomplished the normality test (Kolmogov-Smirnov) and the correlation coefficient test (Pearson (r)). Farming activities have great importance on Brazil, once it contributes for the economics growth on the country, besides the significant participation on the Gross National Product (PIB). Products such as rice, beans, cattle meat and milk are part of the brazilian Basic Food Basket and are daily present on the population meals. Those farming products are commercialized on the market, where producers and consumers negotiate prices and quantities. Price can induce the producers’ decision on the offer of farming goods and also may interfere on the consumers’ demands. Supported by this research, it was testified that only milk has a significant correlation, which attests that the price variation received by the producer interfere on the amount of offer. Another products showed a non-significant coefficient correlation for price, offer and demand, therefore consumers and producers do not utilize products prices for decision making regarding to consume or food production. For that reason, may exist other variables that interfere on quantity offered by producers, such as inputs prices, production factors, profits, technology and climate conditions, as for the consumers’ demands, it may be affected by tastes and preferences people have, income, prices of substitutes and complementary food.