Frutas nativas, domesticação de plantas e agroecologia: por uma outra relação com a sociobiodiversidade

Abstract

The biodiversity of Brazil is considered the largest in the world. This great biodiversity is the result of an ancient process that involves environmental and social factors. However, this coevolutionary process is being compromised by the advance of a model of hegemonic globalization. In the context of native fruits, the focus of this research, these impacts are severe. Native fruits, and the process of domestication that gave rise to them, are both invisible and eliminated by those who foster such globalization. However, this model is not the only way to coexist. Other worlds are not only possible and necessary as they exist. These other worlds are by their very nature diverse, and unite under another form of globalization, counter-hegemonic globalization. In this process are inserted the native fruits that are valued, taken care of and promoted. It is within this context that this research emerges. Its justification is centered in the urgency of the rescue and promotion of a process of domestication of plants, with emphasis on the native fruits, that contributes to the expansion of the sociobiodiversity. Its main objective is to promote a process of domestication, with emphasis on native fruits, through the principles of Agroecology and that fosters sociobiodiversity. The method used is action research, being divided into four phases: i) problematization of native fruits and indication of priority species; ii) socio-environmental characterization of priority species; iii) socio-environmental characterization of good trees; iv) multiplication of good trees. The public was constituted 117 people from six groups of farmers inserted in the Nucleus Luta Camponesa, linked to the Rede Ecovida Network of Agroecology. This nucleus is located in the Territories of the Citizenship, of the State of Paraná, Cantuquiriguaçu and Paraná Center. As a result, the identification and social-environmental characterization of seven native fruit species classified as priority by the farmers to promote a domestication process are highlighted: i) Guabiroba (Campomanesia xanthocarpa); ii) Pitanga (Eugenia uniflora) Uvaia (Eugenia pyriformis); iv) Cherry (Eugenia involucrata); v) Guabiju, (Myrcianthes pungens); vi) Araçá Vermelho (Psidium longipetiolatum) and; vii) Ingá Feijão (Inga marginata Willd). In addition to the characterization of the species, we described the social and environmental aspects desirable in good matrices. Through this process, 42 matrices were identified and georeferenced, 15 of Guabiroba, 8 of Pitanga, 8 of Uvaia, 3 of Cherry, 4 of Araçá Vermelho, 1 of Guabiju and 3 of Ingá Feijão. However, it is believed that the main result of this work was, together with the farmers, to rescue and promote glances for native fruits, thus contributing to the emergence of a way of domestication of plants that increases the socio-biodiversity. Another identified aspect concerns the multidimensionality of fruits, since topics such as domestication of plants, Agroecology and sociobiodiversity need to be articulated with practical actions that involve the commercialization, sanitation regularization and processing in order to value the native fruits. It is also possible to indicate that looking, planting, producing, processing, marketing and consuming native fruits is to give materiality to the construction of other worlds, which surpasses the rationality of the hegemonic model of agriculture and generates indicatives for the construction of a new mentality in relation of farmers with socio-biodiversity. Keywords: Native Fruit; Plant Domestication, Agroecology; Sociobiodiversity; Postcolonial Thought.