O impacto do programa bolsa família na segurança alimentar Dos beneficiários do meio urbano e rural do município de Laranjeiras do Sul/Paraná

Abstract

The present work deals with an analysis of the impact of the benefit of the Bolsa Família Program on Food and Nutrition Security (SAN) in the urban and rural environment of the municipality of Laranjeiras do Sul / PR. Its main objective is to assess the food insecurity situation of the beneficiaries and to investigate whether there have been changes in the quantity, variety and consumption of healthy food before and after receiving the benefit and also to describe whether there are non-monetary purchases of food, including benefits of other public policies, and to evaluate production for self-consumption. All the objectives were analyzed by comparing the impacts of the Family Grant Program on the SAN in relation to the beneficiaries of the urban and rural environment. This comparison is important so that one can understand if the Program has different impacts in these places of residence and if other issues interfere in this, helping or harming in this conjuncture. The study was carried out in the municipality of Laranjeiras do Sul, and 86 respondents were interviewed, of whom 25 were from rural areas and 60 were from urban areas. Data were collected from semistructured interviews and application of EBIA (Brazilian Scale of Food Insecurity). It was verified that in the urban environment all respondents found themselves in a situation of Food Insecurity, 44.3% mild, 26.2% moderate and 29.5% severe. In rural areas, 16% were in food and nutritional security, 48% in mild food insecurity, 24% moderate and 12% severe. Among the purposes for the use of the benefit, food was the main one (38.4%) among all interviewees, in the urban environment, food is the main purpose of the use of the benefit (45.9%). However, in rural areas, food appears as the third cause of use (20%) and is preceded by the purchase of school supplies (40%) and clothing (28%). In urban areas, there was a significant improvement in the frequency of consumption of healthier and protein foods such as fruits, vegetables, meats, dairy products, eggs, rice and beans, and thus an improvement in nutritional quality after the acquisition of the benefit. The non-monetary acquisition of food demanded a more detailed study on other public policies that, together with the Bolsa Família Program, influence the nutritional status of these individuals. In the urban environment the Children's Milk Program was highlighted, and in general the self-consumption and the eventual benefit of delivery of basic baskets by the municipality had an impact on the food of the interviewees. Highlight the production for self consumption, as a differential of food between urban and rural, and the same would explain to a large extent the healthiest and adequate food in the rural environment even before receiving the benefit. The techniques used to carry out this practice, as well as urban agriculture may be alternatives for the even more substantial improvement in the food quality of these families. The research showed that the Bolsa Família Program, combined with other practices, and other public policies to combat poverty in urban and rural areas are fundamental to reduce the social and economic vulnerability indexes of these families. These improvements in food, coupled with the conditionalities of access to education and health, favor the achievement of the substantive and instrumental freedoms described by Amartya Sen, but not in an effective way, since other policies of a structural nature should be made possible to guarantee the improvement of conditions of life and rural development.