Dados socioculturais de usuários de plantas medicinais e plantas utilizadas como medicinais no Município de Cândido Godói, Rio Grande do Sul

Abstract

This work aims to collect sociocultural data of medicinal plants users in Cândido Godói, RS, identify plants used as medicinal by this people, and verify indicated uses for the mentioned plants. Data was obtained through an ethnobotanical survey with semi-structured interviews between November 2014 and March 2015. Age group of informants was among 26 and 89 years old. Amongst them, female were prevalent (94,9%, n=74), retired occupation (43,6%, n=34), Elementary School Incomplete (52,6%, n=41). In this current study, the family was the prevalent source of the knowledge about medicinal plants (57,3%, n=56) and growing in backyards and gardens (56,0%, n=79) the most common way of acquisition. 356 plants used as medicinal were mentioned, representing 141 species and 54 botanical families. Asteraceae and Lamiaceae was the richest families, 26 and 21 families respectivelly. Eleven species were the most named by the participants in this research. Stachys bizantina K. Koch e Achyrocline satureioides (Lam.) DC. (20,5%, n= 16), Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf and Achillea millefolium L. (15,4%, n= 12), Rosmarinus officinalis L. (14,1%, n= 11), Equisetum giganteum L., Malva sylvestris L. and Mentha pulegium L. (12,8%, n= 10), Campomanesia xanthocarpa, Matricaria chamomilla L. and Mikania laevigata, (10,2%, n= 8). Ten species were most nominated to consumption: S. bizantina (n= 21), C. citratus and Mikania laevigata (n= 19), A. millefolium (n= 17), A. satureioides (n= 16), M. sylvestris, M. pullegium, Melissa officinalis, Origanum vulgare and Plantago sp. (n= 15). The leaf is the most used part of the plant and the decoction the predominant method of preparation. Other ways to prepare were mentioned and they use a mix of plants, like „olina‟, syrup, ointment and medicinal wine. People in Cândido Godói use a large richness of species as medicinal, being the family the source of transference of this knowledge. Most species mentioned are exotic to Brazilian flora, possibly, due to the influence to the European colonization in the region.