Óleos essenciais na incidência de fitopatógenos e qualidade fisiológica de sementes de Phaseolus vulgaris L. durante o armazenamento

Abstract

Essential oils have secondary metabolites with antibacterial and antifungal properties. In this sense, the objective of the present research was to evaluate the phytopathogen incidence and the physiological quality in seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. BRS Splendor, treated with different essential oils in different packages and storage times. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial scheme (10 x 2 x 4). The essential oils of cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum), lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus), clove (Eugenia caryophyllata), lemon balm (Melissa officinalis), ginger (Zingiber officinale), sweet orange (Citrus sinensis), peppermint (Mentha piperita) and lemon-taiti (Citrus aurantifolia) (2.3 ml / kg), commercial fungicide (2.5 ml / kg) and the control, packed in kraft or pet. At 0, 2, 4 and 6 months after the treatment of the seeds were evaluated: degree of moisture; first count of germination; percentage of germination; emergence of seedlings; speed germination index, dry matter and blotter test. The treatments with essential oils of C. aurantifolia and C. zeylanicum did not affect the percentage of germination of the seeds during the storage when packed in kraft packaging. The essential oils promoted only specific changes in the incidence of phytopathogens, with emphasis on the essential oil of C. aurantifolia and M. officinalis in the inhibition of Aspergillus spp. and C. zeylanicum and S. aromaticum on inhibition of Penicillium spp., both stored in pet. Kraft packaging was more efficient in preserving the physiological quality of the treated seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris L. than the pet package.