Um estudo de caso da aplicação da IN 11/FATMA 2014 em uma propriedade suinícola do Oeste Catarinense

Abstract

The Brazilian pig farming has developed a lot in the last years, mainly in the Southern region, where the concentration of family farming is greater. This region is also characterized by rugged reliefs that limit other production systems. The use of pig manure as fertilizer or even as waste is a routine in these properties and is often considered the only source of nutrient applied to the soil. Successive applications have become a major environmental problem, altering soil and water quality. Due to this fact, environmental agencies are increasingly worried and constantly looking for specific forms of control, one of which is the monitoring of phosphorus (P) levels in the soil, possible source of water pollution. The Environmental Foundation of the State of Santa Catarina (FATMA) included in its regulations and technical recommendations, through the Normative Instruction (NI) No. 11 of 2014, the Critical Environmental Limit of P (CEL-P) in soils. This document is used as a reference in the monitoring of soil quality to express the maximum content of P in soils that receive pig manure. In this case study, carried out on a pig farm located in Western Santa Catarina, which applies liquid pig manure in an area of 3.8 ha to more than 25 years, 20 samples were collected, analyzed and evaluated according to the recommendations found in the NI 11. About 65% of all the samples had P levels 20% above the CEL-P, in which FATMA recommends prohibiting the application of any source of phosphorus; 30% of the samples were considered at a level up to 20% above the CEL-P, where it is still possible to carry out P applications, but these are limited; and 5% of the samples did not reach the CEL-P. The behavior of P levels in the area did not suffer great influence of the slope on the displacement of P, provided that the slope of the area does not end where the studies were carried out.