Campesinato e agroecologia: construção de uma pesquisa-ação com o uso de adubação verde no manejo de plantas espontâneas

Abstract

The construction of Agroecology depends both on advances in the technical productive dimension and on the establishment of epistemological and methodological bases that propitiate the collective construction of knowledge, uniting the scientific knowledge of the researchers and popular of the peasants through a subject-subject relationship. The management of weed plants through agroecological technologies is a bottleneck present among agroecological groups and the use of green manure in a no - tillage system offers a potential contribution. The objective of this work was to evaluate in a participatory way the efficiency of the use of different species of green manure in the management of weed plants and to discuss the use of action research in the construction of agroecological knowledge. The methodology used the Dialectical and Historical Materialism as a theoretical foundation and action research as a theoretical-methodological basis, working with two peasant groups linked to the Ecovida Network of Agroecology. The action-research cycle consisted of the following steps: a) Identification and mobilization of the groups; b) Placement of problems; c) Seminar / Research planning; d) Intervention / experiments; e) Evaluation. The experimental research was also used, with the implementation of an experiment with each group, this being a step contained in the action-research cycle. The Mucuna pruriens, Mucuna deeringiana, Dolichos lablab, Cannavalia ensiformis and Control were evaluated in both experiments, Ricinus communis and Mucuna aterrima were evaluated only in experiment 1 and Pennisetum americanum only in experiment 2. The green manure species were cultivated and rolled down before flowering with a knife roller equipment, and in the control, soil preparation was done by harrowing to evaluate the incidence of weed plants in the subsequent cultivation. The collected data were dry matter of the weed plants, density and phytosociological indices, besides the participatory evaluation. The Mucuna aterrima and Mucuna pruriens presented a reduction potential of the weed plants to the point of avoiding the use of other methods of weed control during the cycle of grains such as maize and beans, Mucuna deeringiana and Pennisetum americanum also showed a significant reduction of weed plants. From the methodological point of view, action research proved adequate for the collective construction of knowledge recommended by the agroecological paradigm, providing a subject-subject relationship between researcher and peasants in the search for solutions to the concrete problems experienced by them.