Análise dos diferentes cenários de gestão de resíduos sólidos urbanos no Município de Cerro Largo/RS: um estudo de caso

Abstract

The Federal Law N° 12,3005/2010 which instituted the National Solid Waste Policy (PNRS), highlights the importance of the implementation of the selective waste collection, recycling and the promotion of cooperatives of recyclable and reusable material collectors. For that matter, this work aims to analyze the socio-environmental and economic aspects in different scenarios of urban solid waste (USW) management in the municipality of Cerro Largo/RS. Therefore, a systematic documentary evaluation of documents provided by the City Hall of Cerro Largo/RS and provided by the Cooperativa de Trabalho de Catadores Unidos Pela Natureza (COOPERCAUN) as well as of information published by digital media was performed. The results allowed to catalog five different scenarios of the solid waste management whereby it was found that: Scenario 1 corresponds to the period of 1960 to 2012, there was no selective waste collection and the USW was disposed of in the old dumping site. Scenario 2 refers to the period of 2012 to 2014, the old dumping site was disabled and a company was hired to perform the collect and shipment to the landfill site, in this scenario were spent monthly around R$50,000.00 with the USW management. Scenario 3 corresponds to the period of 2015 to 2017, where the annual solid waste production was verified as (287.15 tons) in 2015, (289.44 tons) in 2016, and (260.74 tons) in 2017, in this scenario the monthly cost of the USW management was approximately R$ 48,731.94 and the collect and shipment to the landfill site of the USW was performed by an outsourced company. In Scenario 4 with environmental education actions in schools, the organization for the implementation of selective collection by the municipality and creation of the cooperative of recyclable materials collectors was reduced to approximately 200 tons per month (from August to December 2017) the amount of USW to the landfill and the monthly expenses were reduced to R $ 33,083.17.The solid waste collection was performed by the City Hall and the shipment to the landfill site was performed by an outsourced company. In Scenario 5, the selective waste collection was implanted, which allowed the reduction of 43.33 % of USW disposed of in landfill site compared to Scenario 2 and a reduction of the monthly spending of 27,689.12. The selective waste collection and the shipment of USW to the landfill site are executed by the City Hall. Lastly, it was possible to conclude that the implantation of the selective waste collection, as well as the establishment of the cooperative of recyclable material collectors, resulted in economic, environmental and social benefits for the municipality of Cerro Largo/RS.