Avaliação sanitária de cultivares de trigo e efeito da presença de patógenos no desenvolvimento de plântulas

Abstract

The wheat species (Triticum aestivum L.) may have its production reduced by a number of abiotic and biotic factors. Among the biotic factors can be highlighted the diseases, which can affect roots, stems, leaves and spikes of the species. Many of these diseases are transmitted to areas that previously did not contain the presence of pathogens through the use of seeds with the presence of inoculum. Thus, the present work aimed to verify the presence of pathogens in the wheat cultivars Tbio Sinuelo, Tbio Toruk, ORS Madreperola, Tbio Ponteiro and LG Cromo by the paper substrate incubation method (“blotter test”), and the influence of the presence of pathogens on cultivars through the Hiltner test. The following variables were evaluated with disinfected and non-disinfected seeds in 1% hypochlorite: germination (%), seed-seedling pathogen transmission, root mean length (RML), aerial part length (APL), fresh root mass (FSM), root dry mass (RDM), aerial fresh mass (AFM) and aerial dry mass (ADM) of germinated seeds, The experiment was arranged through a completely randomized design in a 5x2 factorial scheme, carried out at the Plant Physiology Laboratory of the Federal University of Southern Frontier. Through sanitary analysis it was possible to identify the presence of Fusarium, Aspergilus, Penicillium, Rhizopus and Alternaria fungi genres. The germination analysis and seed-seedling pathogen transmission showed no differences between hypochlorite disinfected and non-disinfected seeds, however, it showed statistical difference regarding the components RML, APL, FRM, RDM, AFM and ADM, where the disinfected seeds had higher averages.