Estudo de paisagem e ocorrência de meliponineos (hymenoptera, apidae, meliponini) em unidades de produção agroecológicas de assentamentos da reforma agrária, PR

Abstract

This work focuses on the study of the landscape and systematization of the field survey on the presence of Meliponine nests in the areas of agroecological producers in the Rural Settlements Ireno Alves dos Santos and Marcos Freire, Rio Bonito do Iguaçu, PR. The work aimed to evaluate the situation of stingless bee species, identifying, quantifying and relating them to the types of nesting substrates and the presence or absence in the subsystems of agroecosystems. The survey lasted 131 hours, from March to May 2019, in an area of 157.81 ha. It covered 10 Agricultural Production Units (UPAs) inside the Luta Camponesa group from the Ecovida network of participatory certification, five in each Settlement. The collection of samples was carried out from walks in lines in order to cover the total area of the UPAs, including areas of crops, pastures, forest areas and around the residences, in an attempt to relate the presence of the meliponines with the different types subsystems. We performed a descriptive analysis of the data. 55 nests of stingless bees were identified, 8 species belonging to 6 genera, at a density of 0.35 nests/ha. 60.00% of the nests belonged to a single species, and 27.27% of the nests fit in three species but one genus. Out of the 55 nests found, 21 were associated with 14 phytospecies. Five phytospecies were associated with more than one nest, Holocalyx balansae, Citronella gongonha, Diatenopteryx sorbifolia, Ficus enormis and Nectandra lanceolata. Bees nested 11 different substrates. The Quintais subsystem, known for including housing, sheds, gardens and orchards infrastructures, drew significant importance, more than 1/3 of the identified nests.