Avaliação do potencial antitumoral de compostos fenólicos extraídos da goiaba-serrana (acca sellowiana) em células de melanoma cutâneo sk-mel-28

Abstract

The feijoa (Acca sellowiana), popularly known as pineapple guava, is a native Brazilian fruit considered a fruit rich in bioactive compounds (BC). These bioactive compounds stand out for their properties as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and supporting agents in the treatment of diseases. In this context, the aim of this work was to evaluate the phenolic composition and antioxidant activity of the extract of the feijoa, Alcântara genotype, by means of the extraction technique by ultrasound and pressurized liquids (PL), and to investigate the anticancer action of the extract in cells of cutaneous melanoma (CM) of the SK-Mel-28 strain. The fruits were dried in an oven with air circulation at 40 ° C until constant mass. Subsequently, they were crushed in a knife mill and sieved in the range of 30 to 60 mesh. The crushed feijoa was subjected to the extraction process by indirect ultrasound, where the following process variables were evaluated, with the aid of the design of experiments: temperature (° C), ethanol concentration (%), solid/liquid ratio (mg/mL) and ultrasound potency (%). The extracts were evaluated for total phenolic compounds (TPC) - by the Folin-Ciocalteau method - total antioxidant activity (TAA) - by the DPPH method - and by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were quantified for the presence of four compounds bioactive: pyrocatechol, siringic acid, ferulic acid and flavone. The anticancer activity was evaluated by the cell migration method exposing the CM cells to the extract of the mountain feijoa (100, 500, 1000, 5000 and 10000 µg/mL) for 24 and 72 hours. By the ultrasound method, the TPC content varied between 11.2 to 34.9 mg AGE/g dried fruit and the highest TAA value was 290.2 µmol TE/g dried fruit. PL extraction was the best method for TPC extraction, reaching 59.4 mg AGE/g dried fruit. It was observed that the extraction conditions influenced the quantification of individual compounds, with flavone being the major BC of the extracts, which was detected in 100% of the evaluated conditions. For the extraction of TPC, the concentration of ethanol showed a significant difference (p<0,05), while for TAA, the ultrasound power showed a significant difference (p<0,05), The extract of feijoa at a concentration of 10000 µg/mL was effective in preventing cellular migration of SK-Mel-28 cells, demonstrating its potential as a supporting agent for the treatment of skin CM.