Óleo essencial de orégano (origanum vulgare) afeta a qualidade sanitária e fisiológica de sementes de feijão tipo preto?

Abstract

Beans are an important crop consumed in Brazil as part of the daily diet of thousands of brazilians. In the northern region of Rio Grande do Sul bean cultivation is done on small farms where seed treatment is still little adopted. This has great importance for the successful conduct of a crop. However, in almost its entirety, it is made with pesticides, which can cause intoxication, and applicators to environmental damage. In this context, the search for alternatives seed treatment, to reduce environmental contamination and costs. An alternative are the essential oils extracted from plants. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate the feasibility of the essential oil of oregano (Origanum vulgare) for the treatment of bean seeds black type, compared to the use of the commercial fungicide carbendazim. The oregano essential oil was purchased from the company Empório Lazlo in a 10 mL vial. Concentrations of 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of the essential oil of origanum vulgare, another treatment with commercial fungicides tested. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with eight replications. To evaluate the effect of essential oil on the physiological characteristics of the bean seeds the following tests were performed: a) germination; b) force: the cold test; c) length of the root system of the plants and air; d) root dry air system and seedlings; e) analysis of sanity: identification and fungal growth in the seeds. It can be seen that the essential oil of oregano promoted reduction of the incidence of all pathogens observed except for the fungus Aspergillus sp. The germination of bean seeds was reduced at the highest concentration of essential oil. The essential oil of oregano influenced the dry mass and the size of the seedlings. Seed vigor was not affected by the tested treatments.