Gravidez na graduação: um estudo crítico e necessário com estudantes do curso de licenciatura em pedagogia da Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, Campus Erechim

Abstract

The present study has as main objective investigate the impacts and challenges experienced by students of the Pedagogy Degree Course at the Federal University of the Fronteira Sul-Campus Erechim (UFFS) in response of the demands imposed by the university with the students who became mothers during their academic education. The methodological path consisted of four stages, with a bibliographic review supported by authors such as Badinter (1985, 2011), Urpia and Sampaio (2009, 2011), Araújo and Guedes (2010), Bitencourt (2017), and others; a State of Knowledge research at the Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations of the Brazilian Institute of Information in Science and Technology (BDTD / IBICT); a documentary search of the main official national documents, such as Decree No. 7,234, of July 19, 2010, and Law No. 6,202, of April 17, 1975, and institutional documents provided by the Academic Secretariat and the Student Affairs Sector (SAE ) from the Federal University of Fronteira Sul (UFFS); and, finally, a field research with students from the Pedagogy Degree Course at the Federal University of Fronteira Sul - Campus Erechim, in order to know the meanings attributed to the experience of motherhood during academic training. Based on the State of Knowledge research, it was possible to highlight the relevance of the present study, since the selected and analyzed publications also discuss issues related to motherhood, and still present elements that are close to this study, none of them specifically discuss motherhood and its repercussions in the university context. Based on the analyzed documents, we found that the National Student Assistance Program (PNAES), more specifically daycare assistance, constitutes an important public policy, as it contributes to the permanence of mothers at the university. Regarding the legislation that deals with the Home Exercise Regime, we understand that it needs adjustments in order to meet the needs and singularities of student mothers of Higher Education. Still based on the analysis of the documents, it shows that the Federal University of Fronteira Sul (UFFS) is in line with the assumptions established by these documents (Decree No. 7,234, of July 19, 2010 and Law No. 6,202, of April, 17 1975). In the field research, we used Bardin's Content Analysis (2016). Thus, it was found that students who became mothers during graduation start to experience numerous challenges and difficulties, which refer, in the perspective of the study participants, to the mother and child separation, difficulty in understanding certain contents and readings during the “maternity leave” period, taking the child to UFFS for not having anyone to leave him with, feeling of insecurity, fear of failure in the course subjects, lack of time for reading the course, and more. Thus, as suggestions for actions to stay in the said university environment (UFFS - Campus Erechim), from the perspective of the research participants, the following are mentioned: university daycare, breastfeeding space, reception room, psychological and financial assistance, baby changing facilities, recreational space, and others. With this study, some important aspects stand out. The first of them refers to the fact that the perpetuation of traditional gender patterns is still reaffirmed in our society, that is, the man is the provider and the woman caregiver. At the same time, it is evident that student mothers need to be understood in their specificities and demands, since they tend to experience other challenges and difficulties, in addition to those already coming from the university context. In short, it is understood that the university needs to be rethought in the direction of to welcome these student mothers, in order to avoid failure and school dropout.