Saberes e educação do campo no ensino de ciências: uma análise de um livro didático do ensino fundamental

Abstract

In the Brazilian educational reality - especially in public schools - the textbook is still one of the few resources that teachers dispose and, in many situations, it serves as a didactic guide, a manual to be followed. It is in this context that questions emerge such as: how is the reality of the countryside addressed in the textbook? In what ways are peasant populations inserted at the didactic material and for what purpose? Is it possible, based on the teaching material available to students in public schools in Brazil, to think about rural education? It is from these questions that this research is organized, which is dedicated to analyzing the textbook “Natural Sciences: learning from everyday life”, by Eduardo Leite do Canto and Laura Celloto Canto and published in 2018 by Editora Moderna. The research has a qualitative approach and characterized as a documentary research. An analysis was carried out with an investigation of keywords related to the reality of the countryside, such as agriculture, environment, among others, to identify which / how are related to the theme of this research and in which context; and by images that may have some kind of correlation with country life, qualifying them as illustrative, reflective or inoperative. The results obtained point to the silencing of issues related to the life of the peasant population. The reality of the countryside, in its wide diversity, is only superficially approached, always projecting the spectrum related to agribusiness. Peasant populations, in fact, agents of the rural context for those who aspire for a liberating educational model, are almost entirely ignored by the teaching material.