Pirólise: uma alternativa para tratamento de resíduos sólidos nas comunidades rurais

Abstract

The thermochemical technologies that can be employed in the treatment of solid waste before being landfilled are divided into three: combustion, pyrolysis and gasification. In this study, the solid waste was characterized with 10.71% of the population residing in the rural community line in the interior of Nova Itaberaba, quantifying the organic and recyclable part. For pyrolytic tests with solid waste, a batch reactor was built, made of stainless steel. For the tests, a pyrolytic system was assembled with 4 basic parts: 1) batch reactor, 2) muffle furnace, 3) condenser and 4) cooling bath. Three pyrolysis assays of the solid residue were performed. In the first test, corn straw residues were used, and the muffle temperature was set at 400 ° C and 600 ° C, resulting in the decomposition in solid, liquid and gas fractions. solids, while at the temperature of 600 ° C the formation of the gas phase predominated. In the second test the biomass used was the solid waste of the community in its natural form, being the tests performed in triplicates, at temperatures of 600 ° C, 650 ° C and 700 ° C, obtaining the results of 63.46%, 50.32% and 27.96% for liquid fraction, while solid fraction presented 8.90%, 11.84% and 11.74% and gas fraction. In the third test dry biomass was used, and the results presented for test 1: solid fraction 25%, liquid fraction 15% and solid fraction 60% and for test 2: solid fraction 26%, liquid fraction 14% and solid fraction 60%. . It was possible to identify that the batch reactor defined for the work was not effective for bio-oil production, as it has a low efficiency in heat transfer.