Insegurança alimentar na população adstrita à unidade básica de saúde central de um pequeno município no Sudoeste do Paraná com atuação do núcleo de apoio à saúde da família

Abstract

Feeding and nutritional security consist in ensure of all the population the right to adequate food, quality and sufficient quantity, continuously and without interruption, subject to two principles: the human right to adequate and healthy food and food sovereignty. The objective of this research was to investigate the food insecurity in the population living in the area covered by the Central Family Health Unit which operates the Health Family Support in the town of Ampére - PR. Was performed a quantitative field research, with a descriptive cross sectional. To calculate the sample it was considered the total of 913 residences registered by the Health Secretary in 2014, using an expected proportion of family’s with the characteristic of interest of 30%, with a confidence interval of 95% (z = 1.96 normal distribution); sampling error allowed 5%, and correction for possible losses on the collection of 20%, resulting in 287 residences. Of these, 206 (71.78%) participated in the research. To measure the degree of food insecurity was used the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale. It also investigated the variables: (i) Food Insecurity (IA), (ii) socioeconomic status, (iii) being recipient of food donation program and/or cash transfer (iv) Maternity education (v) being user of Central USF, (vi) number of residents; (vii) number of children in the residence; (viii) genre of the family head. The data were tabulated and analyzed with software Excel® 2010. To investigate the association between categories of food security and the degrees of food and other variables insecurity, we used the Pearson's chi-squared test, at 5% significance and was calculated their confidence intervals (IC95) The results showed the presence of food insecurity in 45.63% of participating families; and it was higher in those residences with minors (53.46%). As the association of the variables with the categories food security, insecurity mild, moderate and severe, occurred with: maternal education (p = 0.0036), be user Central USF (p = 5.84-25), socioeconomic status (p = 1.60-43) and be recipient of food donation program and / or cash transfer (p = 0.0369). In this sense, public management should pay more attention to the promotion and development of food safety policy for the purpose of improving the quality of life of the population and to reduce the prevalence of food insecurity, whereas the prevalence was higher than the national findings.