A questão da hegemonia nas análises poulantzianas dos governos petistas: problemas de teoria e de análise concreta

Abstract

Among the poulantzian analyses of brazilian politics, there is a convergence when identifying in the “petistas” government conjuncture a political rise from the internal bourgeoisie. On the other hand, there is no agreement in the description of which would be the hegemonic fraction within the power groups of that time. In this theoretical approach, one of the main aspects is the recognition of the class or fraction of dominant class which manages to exercise political hegemony within the power bloc. The theoretical criteria for this assessment are absent in the Poulantzas theory and were developed by the School of Campinas; nevertheless, these criteria remain poorly developed and are little explained in the conjuncture analysis. Our main objective in this work is to map through bibliographical research, the similarities and divergences of the Poulantzian School of Campinas on hegemony, in the theoretical and practical application of the concepts dimension, having as a starting point the following problem: how has the concept of hegemony from Poulantzas been used in the analysis of the petistas government? From the connection between these two dimensions, it has been made possible to state that: 1) theory is fundamental in the analysis of hegemony, that is, the criteria for gauging hegemony are contained in the concept; 2) there is a consensus in saying that the class or fraction that has priority over state policy is hegemonic, with economic policy being the lowest common denominator among the analyses; 3) there is a split line between the analyses, which is founded on the question of whether the national banking capital is an internal bourgeoisie or an associated bourgeoisie; 4) for the examination of this divergence, the analysis of the double function or gap between political and ideological hegemony seems to be of great importance.