O existencialismo sartriano a partir da obra A Náusea: uma análise comparativa entre a literatura e a filosofia

Abstract

Jean Paul-Sartre (1905-1980) was first a writer before embarking in the world of philosophy, leaving in his wake several pieces in which, as much in his novels as well as in his philosophical writings, he expresses his thoughts in different ways, although always defending what he believed: the individual’s freedom. Thus, the present text aims to make use of the two main works of his bibliography, the novel Nausea (1938) and his philosophical essay Being and Nothingness: An Essay on Phenomenological Ontology (1943), with the purpose of developing a comparative analysis between some events in the novel in tune with the concepts of his existentialist philosophy, namely: Nothingness (being in it-self, being for-itself), Freedom, and Anguish. Concerning the method employed, we will use specific excerpts from the novel, mainly those that closely approach the concepts addressed in each section. We understand that some presuppositions of what would come to be his existentialist philosophy in a conceptual sense were already present in his literature, which preceded his philosophical theory. Through the novel’s protagonist, Sartre shows how the discovery of contingence occurs, that which is the ultimate countenance of existence and the apex of his existential comprehension. However, in this discovery process, the character-narrator starts to reveal new sensations that cause him to feel nauseated. Through that, we can identify concepts of Sartrean existentialism amidst his revelations.