Indicadores físicos do solo e desempenho da cultura do trigo sob diferentes plantas de cobertura

Abstract

The no-tillage system (NTS), as a dynamic and innovative agricultural technology, is constantly improving due to regional characteristics, creating its own identity. In the case of a complex system, the farmer is required to have a broad domain of all phases of the system, a knowledge of the management of different cultures, seeking ground cover plants that are more adapted to the different soil and climate environments and that fit better to the different production systems. The Misionera Region is characterized by a climate with higher temperature, compared to the rest of the state, and its agricultural calendar has a wide autumn gap between the main crops, which starts with the harvest of soybeans and goes until the planting of wheat or corn. , from late March to June or August respectively. In the present work, to define the cover crop species, precocity, nutrient cycling, dry mass production, pest and disease reduction, C/N ratio and rooting with decompaction potential were taken into account. The plants chosen were: Buckwheat, Forage Turnip and Sudan Grass and the mixture of these species in different proportions. For the research, the experimental design of randomized blocks (DBC) was used, with four blocks and eight treatments, making a total of 32 plots of 4.0 x 5.50 m. Forage turnip and buckwheat expressed their full potential in DM, while Sudan grass and fallow were significantly lower in their treatments, with similar repercussions for the levels of N and C present in these plants. The other analyzed elements P, K, Ca, Mg and S, presented different behaviors, being a characteristic of each plant. On the performance of wheat after handling cover crops, both DM and grain yield were not affected by the different managements. Of the physical properties density and porosity (total, micro and macro), there was no statistical difference. This small variability between the different arrangements of cover crops in relation to wheat productivity is mainly due to the fact that it is an experiment with only one crop cycle, as well as the adverse conditions of water stress at the beginning of development, affecting its potential. productive.