Impacto de diferentes intensidades de perda de solo sobre a produtividade de canola e milho

Abstract

Erosion is one of the main causes of agricultural land degradation. It causes soil impoverishment, nutrients and organic matter predominant in the surface layer leave the system and migrate to the lower areas of the crop, to roads or rivers, causing silting. In this way, the objective of the work was to analyze how the effect of different intensities of soil loss impact the productivity of canola and corn. The experimental design used was randomized blocks with four treatments and five replications, totaling 20 experimental units. The treatments correspond to: 2cm furrow – T1; 3cm furrow – T2; 7cm furrow – T3 and a treatment where there was no erosion – T4. The treatment where 2cm of soil was removed characterizes a soil loss of 186,359.7 kg/ha, while the 4cm and 7cm treatments represent 350,943.5 and 803,493.6 kg/ha respectively. The yield of canola and corn was evaluated by harvesting 1m² from each plot. Soil samples were collected for the nutrient quantification and chemical evaluation of the 0-0.1m layer, in addition, physical properties, such as soil density, porosity and degree of compaction were evaluated. Obtained data were submitted to the analysis of variance and the means were compared by the Tukey test, at 5% of error probability. The formed furrows reduced the productivity of the canola and corn crops. There is no significant difference in the productivity of canola and corn in the furrows of 2, 4 or 7 cm, which demonstrates that the loss of the topsoil layer (2 cm) has a great impact on productivity, as this is where the nutrients and soil organic matter are concentrated in no-tillage areas.