Resíduos da suinocultura: impactos ambientais, manejo correto e benefícios

Abstract

Pig farming is a very important economic activity in Brazil because the market for pork, both globally and in Brazil, has been growing significantly. Due to this, a large amount of waste is produced, which if not managed correctly, can cause environmental contamination and bring diseases to the population. Thus, the aim of this study was to conduct a literature review on waste from pig farming, the environmental problems that can be caused by swine waste, and the ways in which this waste is treated, highlighting the most widely adopted in Brazil or in the upper Uruguay region. The research was of an exploratory nature, with bibliographic and documental analysis about swine manure, based on books, magazines, articles, and legislation documents from MAPA, CONAMA, and others. The liquid wastes include all the residues that come from the activity and this is rich in organic matter and nutrients, besides pathogens. Consequently, the main problems that can occur when the waste is improperly handled are contamination of water bodies and eutrophication, diseases in humans and animals, insect proliferation, besides the bad smell. The main forms of waste management are by manure and bio manure pans, stabilization ponds, composting and digesters. The most used is the manure pit, because among all the benefits, it allows the use of treated manure as biofertilizer. With this the farmer can reduce the production costs of various crops, requiring less mineral fertilizers and gives proper destination to the waste.