Identificação das causas das subnotificações das intoxicações da população exposta a agrotóxicos: estudo de caso de Laranjeiras do Sul - PR

Abstract

While the consumption of pesticides grows exorbitantly, national toxicological surveillance systems identify insignificant numbers of pesticide poisoning, suggesting the existence of underreporting. The research was developed with the purpose of studying inside the pesticides and health theme, correlations between the excessive use of pesticides and the invisibility of poisoning. Seeking to identify the causes of underreporting and discuss the difficulties reported by health network professionals within this process. We used bibliographic and statistical data from official agencies (IBGE, IPARDES, IBAMA, SIAGRO, SINITOX and SINAN), study of case was developed through the use of questionnaires to healthcare professionals of the Department of Health (SESA) 5th Health Regional - PR, the municipal Health Network and farmers in Laranjeiras do Sul City - PR. As a result it was observed that the records of poisonings are fragmented among the data monitoring systems, besides having a lack of data in some periods. The SINITOX did not present data on poisonings to search the object region between 2010 and 2012, but were found in another system, the SINAN in low incidence. Noticed the need for interconnection of all reporting systems, so that data remain unfragmented enabling greater reliability. The results of the case of study on the causes of underreporting showed that all health professionals consider the pesticide versus health relation an important issue of public health. Likewise recognizes that data on poisonings are underreported, not reflecting the reality of poisoning. It was identified underreporting in the three stages of the notification procedure: the first step refers to intoxication, when the farmer contaminate himself, often does not seek health services; the second occurs in health attending, owing to that professionals report causes such as lack of training on this subject, symptoms confused with other diseases and the lack of conclusive laboratory tests and; the third is not effectuation of the record in poison information systems, which occurs due the lack of adherence to the notification due the accumulation of tasks and also the lack of professionals' perception of relevance in full fill the data. All these factors partly reflect the reality of poisoning and lead to minimize the effects of pesticides on human health. Given this reality, one can not measure precisely the impacts on public health and costs to the health system, particularly the treatment of chronic diseases associated with the use of these products. It is considered important to change this reality the adoption of techniques of production, using principles of agroecology, minimizing the dependency of pesticide use in agriculture.