Religião e política em Rawls: o consenso em torno de uma concepção política de justiça

Abstract

The present research, entitled "Religion and politics in Rawls: the consensus around a political conception of justice", supports the interpretation that John Rawls' theory of justice is capable of articulate religion in a democratic society, mitigating its disruptive force of consensus in the public sphere. Initially, we described the main ideas of the theory of justice to show how Rawls argues that it is possible to combine a plural society politically. It is argued that his theory is based on the singular and inviolable dignity of the free and equal human person. The human person builds political processes in society through his rational and reasonable capacity. The research also showed that Rawlsian contractualism has its starting point in the original position as a hypothetical device. It is the foundation of justice, the first virtue of political institutions. It is also the foundation of agreement of overlapping consensus and the pertinence of public reason, as an instance of plural debate, guided and guaranteed by the political domain. Thus, this research maintains that Rawlsian political philosophy offers a current and satisfactory answer to the coexistence of democratic plurality in a political regime characterized as a reasonable secular State through its political conception of justice as fairness.