Perda de solo e produtividade do trigo em três intensidades de erosão simulada

Abstract

Hydric erosion is one of the main factors that degrade soils in the world. In poorly managed agricultural soils, erosion processes tend to be more pronounced, increasing losses of nutrients and organic matter and generating many environmental problems such as contamination and silting of water bodies. This work aimed to evaluate how different intensities of simulated erosion are able to influence wheat culture productivity. The experimental design used was a randomized block design with four treatments and five replicates. The treatments were performed simulating erosion in furrows, arranged as follows: T1: without soil removal; T2: 2 cm furrows; T3: 4 cm furrows and T4: 7 cm furrows. Treatments 2, 3 and 4 represented losses of 149.5, 395.1 and 742.7 Mg ha-1 of soil, respectively. Evaluations of the soil's quantitative physical attributes and chemical analyses were performed to determine the amount of lost nutrients. The yield components of the culture were evaluated by harvesting 10 representative spikes and the productivity was evaluated by harvesting 1,275m² of the plot area. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and Tukey test at 5%. There was no significant difference in the yield components and physical soil attributes evaluated. There was a significant difference in productivity at three levels, with the treatment without soil removal having the highest productivity (5.3 Mg ha-1) and the treatment with the highest intensity of removal being the least productive (3.8 Mg ha- 1), demonstrating the negative influence of erosion on the wheat culture.