Uso de Bacillus megaterium e Bacillus subtilis na cultura do trigo

Abstract

Wheat is one of the most produced grain crops in the world and phosphorus is an essential macronutrient for the proper development of the crop. Much of the phosphorus in the soil is unavailable to plants, due to the fact that phosphorus is adsorbed by oxides and clays, in addition to having a great affinity for cations such as Fe, Al and Ca. However, bacteria of the genus Bacillus megaterium and B. subtilis have the ability to solubilize unavailable phosphorus, making it available to plants. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria, B. megaterium and B. subtilis, on different wheat cultivars. The experiment was carried out in the field in the municipality of Rolador, RS, on a red oxisol with high P content. The experimental design used was randomized blocks (DBC) in a 4x2 factorial scheme, with 3 replications. The treatments are composed of 4 wheat cultivars with inoculation and 4 cultivars without inoculation. The cultivars are TBIO Ponteiro, TBIO Toruk, ORS Madrepérola and BRS Belajoia. In these cultivars, ear length (EC), number of grains per ear (NGE), number of ears per area (NEA), thousand-grain weight (PMG), grain yield (PG) and hectoliter weight (PH ). The use of inoculation in wheat seeds with Bacillus megaterium and B. subtilis, there was a significant interaction for the CE, PMG and PG variables and the use of inoculation for these variables provided the best results. The cultivar TBIO Ponteiro with inoculation stands out for having a significant effect for all analyzed variables. For the PMG variable, the use of inoculation showed the best performance in the mean results for all cultivars. The cultivars TBIO Ponteiro, BRS Belajoia and TBIO Toruk obtained a higher grain yield with the use of inoculation.