A representatividade da criança negra nos livros de literatura infantil brasileira: uma análise do Programa Nacional Biblioteca da Escola (PNBE) na educação infantil

Abstract

The literature, as an artistic manifestation, reflects the society that engenders it. In books originating from a society rooted in racism and committed to suppressing black culture, one can observe the absence of black characters detached from social deprivation stereotypes. However, with legislative progress, especially through the enactment of Law No. 10.639 on January 9, 2003, which establishes the mandatory inclusion of "History and Afro-Brazilian Culture" in the school curriculum, there emerges a demand for works that encompass black culture, portraying it as protagonists in their narratives, disassociated from the shackles of social inequality and slavery. The present study aims to analyze, both quantitatively and qualitatively, the prominence of black children's characters in children's literature books distributed in the latest edition of the National School Library Program (PNBE), targeting preschool education. From this perspective, the investigation seeks to assess the compliance of the law by the very institution responsible for its creation, the Federal Government. To achieve this, bibliographic research methodologies will be employed. The analysis included legislative documents, data made available by PNBE, and the study of authors such as Dadie (2013), Gouvêa (2005), Farias (2018), and Zilberman (1998) to provide theoretical support to the study. The obtained results pointed to an almost non-existent representation of black children in these collections, highlighting the need for mobilization to include books capable of fostering identification among black children. Moreover, there's a call for the implementation of new public policies that ensure the distribution of books curated with consciousness in all schools across the country.