Frequência de alterações da composição corporal em indivíduos com e sem obesidade definida pelo índice de massa corporal

Abstract

Obesity is increasing in the world population and constitutes a risk factor for the development of other diseases. In addition to it, Sarcopenic Obesity (SO) is a condition characterized by excess body fat accompanied by reduced muscle mass and is still relatively unexplored. This study aimed to assess the frequency of alterations in body composition in adults attending a nutrition clinic based on the presence of obesity defined by the body mass index (BMI). The study was descriptive, quantitative, and cross-sectional, with the collection of secondary data from nutritional anamneses conducted during the initial consultation. Sociodemographic, clinical, dietary, and anthropometric data (weight, height, and body fat percentage obtained from tetrapolar bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) using Maltron®) were collected. For the study of alterations in body composition, the sample was stratified based on the body mass index (BMI), categorized as <30 and ≥30 kg/m2. The sample consisted of 59 individuals, with 71.2% being female and 67.8% young adults. Obesity, as defined by BMI, was observed in 47.5% of the individuals. Excess adipose tissue and SO were identified in 57.6% and 13.6% of the sample, respectively, and even in individuals with BMI <30 kg/m2, these conditions were detected (45% with excess adipose tissue and 13% with SO). 42% of individuals with BMI <30 kg/m2 were at risk for cardiovascular diseases. It was concluded that alterations related to excess body fat were common in this study, even when obesity was not identified based on BMI, and SO was observed in adults.