Sistemas agroflorestais na floresta ombrófila mista e sua contribuição para a agroecologia

Abstract

Agroforestry Systems (AFS) are an agroecosystem capable of reconciling production and preservation, and can have their path taken along with Agroecology, which in turn, encompasses sociopolitical and agricultural techiniques, valuing and dialoguing traditional and scientific knowledge. Many studies are implemeted in regions with tropical climates and Rainforest, demostrating satisfactory results. Different information of the systems related to Mixed Ombrophilous Forest, which presents few published researchs, a fact that justifies the necessity for an identification about this issue, so that it promotes the development of new systems. The main objective of this research is to investigate the Agroforestry Systems in the Mixed Ombrophilous Forest environment, from the point of view of the designs and management practices, in order to contribute to the advancement of Agroecology. To reach the results, two methodological paths were used, a integrative review to find and analyze the available data in the research bases and, in a second moment, case studies with semi-structured interview to collect data of systems, that are already consolidated or in the pathways of it. The results demostrated that the AFS of agrossilvicultural type stand out in the researched systems, as well as does the Alley Cropping type, in the microstructural classification. The most selected species to compose the systems were erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis), bracatinga (Mimosa scabrella), aroeira (Schinus terebinthifolius) and eucalipto (Eucalyptus spp.). Related to the management techiniques, it was concluded that are both chosen: mechanized and manual way. The semi-structured interview showed that the lack of knowledge and incentives are the biggest difficulties confronted by farmers. On the other hand, the environmental and productive benefits stood out among the speeches. The determination of design and management characteristics encourages more farmers to plant in this model of agroecosystem, which is capable of reconciling productivity and conservation. The increase in research on this subject is extremely positive for the accumulation of knowledge about agroforestry and Agroecology.