Prevalência e fatores relacionados ao ganho de peso excessivo na gestação

Abstract

Objective: To assess the prevalence of excessive gestational weight gain and its association with sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical factors in women. Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted from December 2022 to August 2023 among women aged 18 years or older, with children up to 2 years of age, who were the result of single pregnancies and who were being monitored for child care in four primary health care units in Passo Fundo, RS. The main outcome assessed was excessive gestational weight gain (GDW), divided into intervals according to pre-gestational body mass index (BMI). Exposure variables included sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical aspects of the participants. Descriptive statistics (n, %) and analysis of the distribution of the outcome according to the exposure variables were performed using the chi-squared test and Fisher's exact test, with a statistical significance level of p<0.05. Results: The final sample consisted of 199 women, 55.3% of whom self-identified as white, with a mean age of 27 years (± 5.6) and an income ≤ 1 minimum wage (91.6%). The prevalence of excessive FGM was 60% (95%CI 53-67), with a mean gain of 12.01 kg (95%CI 10.70-13.31). A statistically significant association was found between excessive FGM and per capita income > 1 minimum wage (p = 0.029), physical inactivity during pregnancy (p = 0.030), and non-eutrophic pre-pregnancy BMI (p = 0.044). Conclusion: A high prevalence of excessive gestational weight gain was identified, and the related factors were per capita family income, physical inactivity and pre-gestational BMI. The results allow the magnitude of the outcome to be measured and should guide the adoption of strategies to promote healthy pregnancies. Thus, given the need to expand and improve maternal and child care, further studies with this focus are suggested.