Qualidade fisiológica e sanitária de sementes de feijão, salvas e certificadas, com e sem aplicação de fungicidas

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate and compare the yield, sanitary, and physiological quality of saved and certified bean seeds subjected to the fungicide application or not. The experiment was conducted in Erechim – Rio Grande do Sul, during 2022/23 crop season, in a randomized block design, in a split-plot scheme, with four replications. In the main plots, the seed provenance (saved and certified) was allocated, and in the subplots, the fungicide application (without and with). The evaluated treatments were: Control; protioconazole + trifloxystrobin (39 days after sowing); trifloxystrobin + protioconazole (15 days after the first application); and azoxystrobin + difenoconazole and chlorothalonil (18 days after the second application). The cultivar used was IPR Urutau. The following parameters were evaluated: productivity, thousand grain weight, number of grains per plant, number of grains per pod, first and second germination count, cold test, accelerated aging, incidence of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum in seeds, electrical conductivity, greenhouse emergence, and sodium hypochlorite test. The obtained data were subjected to analysis of variance, and if significant, means were compared using LSD test (p ≤ 0.05). Certified seeds that received fungicide application during plant phase showed the best physical, physiological, and sanitary attributes, being superior in yield by 467.77 kg ha-1 and in germination by 28.67%, when compared to saved seeds without fungicide application, which showed the worst attributes for almost all tests compared to the other treatments, being superior only in number of pods per plant and number of grains per pod compared to certified seeds without application. Problems were confirmed during crop harvest, with an average of 22.75% of seeds showing tegument rupture, affecting vigor analysis results with the electrical conductivity test. Productivity exceeded the average for the state of Rio Grande do Sul, in general, for the 2022/23 season, the average of the work was higher by 1266.06 kg ha-1 (approximately 21 sc ha-1). It was possible to conclude that better attributes were observed in certified seeds with fungicide application.