Urbanização e riscos socioambientais em Erechim - RS

Abstract

Urbanization is consolidates as hegemonic over spaces and consequently leaves its mark on natural elements, this occurs more often in cities that do not take into account their natural context. This form of appropriation of the spaces of the city makes clear the differentiation between its different forms of use and occupation. This is a problem that occurs in the urban space of Erechim, Rio Grande do Sul. The general objective of the research is to investigate how the urban expansions unfolded and how this action occurred in the rural components, to validate the hypothesis that the From the application of an urban planning that leaves aside the natural components presents risks for the population. Thus, it was necessary to identify the basins and sub-basins contained in the urban space, verifying the occupation process from the delimitations of the urban perimeter between 1931, 1977, 1995, 1997 and 2015, a socioeconomic analysis of the population was carried out, evidencing the Income, literacy, demographic density and household type domains (vulnerability), finally to verify the correlation between the events of hydrological and geodynamic phenomena and the other data collected, based on the analysis of the data referring to vulnerability allied to the occurrence of problems related to disasters It was possible to identify the existing risk in each census sector that had a record of occurrence of the phenomenon. It was also possible to verify in which micro-basins this phenomenon occurs more frequently. The methodological procedure was carried out from the data collection, information processing to reach the final products were used satellite images, topographic charts, documentary data and the census sector. All the cartographic products were generated from geoprocessing and remote sensing techniques in Geographic Information System (GIS) in Quantum Gis software (QGIS). The results indicate a tendency in the population increase and also the urban proportion, at the national, state and municipal levels. Demonstrates the existence of two hydrographic basins (Dourado and Suzana) and two sub-basins (Tigre and Henrique) that are contained in the urban space of Erechim today. Among these, the Tigre River was the most affected by the urbanization since the construction of the central nucleus, and it is the one that presents the largest number of cases related to the hydrological and geodynamic phenomena, so it can be inferred that urbanization Actually has socio-environmental impacts and this is manifested as the relationship between society and nature occurs. From the crossing of the data came the consideration that most occurrences of natural disasters occurring in the most vulnerable census tracts, thus increasing the risk in those locations. A total of 38 sectors were found to be at risk, 19 sectors were at high risk, 14 were medium risk, 2 were at regular risk and 3 were at low risk. The use of the information produced in this research can help in the decision-making of the public power, so that in the new areas of urban expansion the same model cannot be adhered to in the areas where the risks occur.