Incidência e fatores relacionados à amputação de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia vascular e um hospital terciário no norte gaúcho

Abstract

Objectives: To analyze the incidence and factors related to amputation in patients undergoing vascular surgery. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study conducted in a large hospital located in the city of Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul. Statistical analyses included absolute and relative frequencies of categorical variables, estimation of amputation incidence with a 95% confidence interval (CI95), and verification of its relationship with exposure variables, using the chi-square test with a 5% type I error. Results: The study analyzed 1,229 patients, of whom 18.1% (CI95 16-20) underwent amputation. The incidence was higher among men,, single individuals, smokers, and former smokers, as well as individuals with hypertension, type 2 diabetes, diabetic ulcers, dyslipidemia, chronic kidney disease, a history of myocardial infarction, stroke, and peripheral arterial obstructive disease. Patients who underwent angioplasty, vascular bypass, and those with previous amputations had a higher risk of further amputations. Surgical complications and deaths were more frequent among amputees, with 15.3% dying and 49% experiencing postoperative complications. Readmissions occurred in 18.1% of cases. Conclusion: These data show that patients undergoing amputation in a tertiary hospital in northern Rio Grande do Sul were predominantly men over 60, smokers, and had comorbidities such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. Additionally, the incidence of amputation was significant and associated with factors such as male gender, smoking, vascular and chronic diseases, as well as a history of myocardial infarction, stroke, and previous amputations.