A relação entre a estimulação precoce e o alcance dos marcos de desenvolvimento da pessoa com trissomia do 21

Abstract

Introduction: Trisomy 21 (T21), known as Down syndrome, is a genetic occurrence that affects the neuropsychomotor development of children. This study investigates the age range at which developmental milestones are achieved and the relationship of these milestones with early intervention. Methodology: The research was conducted in Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, and in Vitória and Serra, Espírito Santo, based on interviews with 64 caregivers of children and adolescents with T21. This study followed a mixed approach, in a retrospective cohort, exploring perceptions of the diagnosis, sociodemographic and health profile of the sample, as well as examining exposure to early intervention and child development. Results: The findings indicate a higher prevalence of heart disease, thyroid disorders, sleep issues, and hospitalizations within this sample. Additionally, it was observed that all participants began early intervention before the age of three, although experiences varied. Nearly half of the children were categorized as receiving limited stimulation, suggesting room for improvement in terms of earlier initiation, uninterrupted therapies, and a multidisciplinary approach. Furthermore, the analysis revealed that the perception of the diagnosis and the guidance received should be enhanced. Conclusion: The study concludes that adequate professional training is essential to improve the approach to diagnosis and guidance on trisomy 21, the importance of early intervention, as well as the implementation of public policies that ensure access to those in need. It also highlights the need for more research to evaluate early intervention application, aiming to improve comprehensive care for this population.