Diabetes mellitus e hipertensão arterial sistêmica em adultos atendidos na atenção primária à saúde: uma análise dos fatores de risco e dos desfechos clínicos

Abstract

Systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) and diabetes mellitus (DM) significantly increase the risk of developing micro and macrovascular problems, such as cerebrovascular and coronary diseases. Objective: To describe the main risk factors and clinical outcomes in adult and elderly patients treated in Primary Health Care with SAH and DM, isolated or simultaneous. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with adults and elderly individuals, of both sexes, users of Primary Health Care in Marau - RS in 2019, of which health, sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics were observed through the application of standardized questionnaires. The relationship of independent variables on dependent variables was analyzed using the chi-square test, considering an α error of 5%. Results: A total of 3,309 adults and elderly individuals were interviewed, and the prevalence of hypertension, DM, and hypertension+DM was 44% (95%CI 42-46), 17% (95%CI 15-18), and 14% (95%CI 13-15), respectively. Regarding clinical outcomes, AMI was identified in 2% of patients (95%CI 1-2), as was stroke, with a prevalence of 2% (95%CI 2-3). The diagnosis of hypertension was more prevalent in elderly individuals, with no education, and with excessive weight. DM was more prevalent in males, elderly individuals, and with excessive weight. Regarding the presence of both diagnoses, this was present in those with advanced age, no education, non-smokers, and with excessive weight. A higher prevalence of stroke and AMI was observed in individuals with hypertension, DM, and hypertension+DM when compared to the group of individuals without these diagnoses. Conclusion: High prevalence of the diagnoses of interest was observed in users of Primary Health Care in Marau-RS, as well as a strong relationship between these comorbidities and the variables age, education and nutritional status. Furthermore, a direct relationship was observed between the presence of these diagnoses and the development of cardiovascular outcomes of AMI and stroke.