Instabilidade institucional e seus efeitos sobre o desenvolvimento econômico no Brasil (2011 - 2016)

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate how institutional instability affected Brazil's economic development between 2011 and 2016, during Dilma Rousseff's government. The research used New Institutional Economics as its theoretical basis, focusing on Douglass North's ideas. In this way, the study sought to answer the research problem, opting for the bibliographic and descriptive approach methodology, promoting research surveys that allowed for qualitative and quantitative correlational analyses. Factors such as the political crisis, inflation, unemployment and the economic policies that were adopted, such as the new economic matrix and fiscal adjustments, were analyzed. Corruption scandals, crises in Brazilian institutions and imposed political challenges shook the confidence of domestic and foreign investors, resulting in periods of clear recession. This study was also able to show that fiscal and monetary policies were inconsistent and institutional governance was fragile. Therefore, the lower GDP growth and the increase in unemployment rates helped to create an unpromising scenario. At the end of this study, it was found that when there is no political consensus, it becomes increasingly difficult for policymakers to implement necessary economic reforms in difficult times, thus hindering the functioning of the mechanisms responsible for generating growth and economic development in any country. In short, it was considered that institutional instability had negative effects that inhibited Brazil's economic development during the period analyzed. Above all, it was concluded that it is essential to have stable and efficient institutions in order to promote sustainable growth and development.