Análise dos parâmetros ventilatórios pré e pós traqueostomia em pacientes internados na UTI por COVID-19 em um hospital do oeste catarinense

Abstract

COVID-19 is a disease that emerged in Asia in late 2019 and, in just a few months, became the pandemic of the century. Given the importance of this pathology for global health, this study, produced by Igor Rodrigues de Paula and Ítalo Giordane dos Santos, explores the respiratory evolution of critically ill patients who were hospitalized with the disease in an intensive care unit (ICU). Objective: The objective of this study is to analyze the ventilatory parameters of patients before and after tracheostomy, in order to find significant statistical variations that can be used to improve treatment. Methodology: This analysis was performed by collecting data from the medical records of 112 patients at the Hospital Regional São Paulo, in Xanxerê-SC, with subsequent statistical analysis of 91 patients, performed with the aid of the R project software application version 4.5.0 for Windows. The bibliographies used for the theoretical development of the work include official websites of tracheostomy protocols and articles from databases (SCIELO, PUBMED and LILACS). Results: The results showed a statistically significant variation in five of the six parameters analyzed, with the main variations being in the comparison between 1 day before and 5 days after tracheostomy. In addition, there were significant variations between males and females. Discussion: The study was in line with the literature, showing that the use of tracheostomy is a means to improve the ventilatory parameters of critically ill patients in the ICU, facilitating ventilatory weaning. In addition, the study has limitations that should be resolved in future studies. Conclusion: The results suggest that tracheostomy is a promising therapeutic option for the evolution of ventilatory interruptions in critically ill patients with COVID-19, as it improves ventilation and reduces dead space over the days following the procedure.