A militarização da educação brasileira: uma análise do Programa Nacional das Escolas Cívico-Militares (PECIM) na Região Sul do Brasil

Abstract

On September 5, 2019, through Decree 10.004/19, the federal government established the National Program for Civic-Military Schools (PECIM). According to data from the Ministry of Education, by 2023, 202 schools had joined the program, of which 56 belonged to state and municipal education networks in the Southern Region of Brazil. Given this context, the present study addressed the process of militarization of Brazilian education and pretend to achieve: (i) understanding the specificities and differences between military schools, military schools and civic-military schools established by PECIM; (ii) analyze the process of militarization of public schools in the country from the 1990s onwards; (iii) analyze the objectives, scope and organization of PECIM at the national level (iv) investigate PECIM in the states of the Southern Region of Brazil, especially after the publication of the Decree that extinguished the Program, issued by the Ministry of Education. From a methodological point of view, this is a qualitative research of a descriptive nature, carried out through (i) a bibliographical review on the militarization of education; (ii) the documentary analysis of the main documents that regulated PECIM between 2019 and 2024 and, (iii) the systematization and analysis of the main indicators on the implementation of PECIM in the country and, particularly, in the South Region, in addition to the analysis of state proposals for civic-military schools. The study revealed, among other results, that PECIM was implemented in 49 schools in 2020, 73 schools in 2021 and 80 in 2022. The number of civic-military schools installed by PECIM in the regions of the country was 56 in the South Region, 49 in the Southeast, 41 in the North, 39 in the Northeast and 19 in the Central-West Region. In the South, 12 schools in the State of Paraná (PR), 21 in Santa Catarina (SC) and 23 in Rio Grande do Sul (RS) joined the program, with 2022 being the year with the highest number of adhesions to PECIM in the region, 27 adhesions, followed by 2020, with 16 additions and 2021, with 13. Of the three states in southern Brazil, both PR, SC and RS developed, between 2020 and 2024, their state programs for the militarization of schools and school improvements civic-military in their state education networks.