Prevalência de doenças respiratórias obstrutivas e fatores relacionados na população atendida pelo ambulatório indígena em Passo Fundo, RS

Abstract

Obstructive respiratory diseases, such as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and asthma, are among the most prevalent health conditions worldwide, particularly affecting vulnerable populations. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of obstructive respiratory diseases in the Indigenous population attended by a specialized outpatient clinic in Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, and to investigate related sociodemographic, epidemiological, and clinical factors. A cross-sectional design was adopted, with a sample of 101 Indigenous participants aged between 18 and 87 years. Data collection was conducted through questionnaires applied directly to participants between March and July 2025. Descriptive statistical analysis included the calculation of means, standard deviations, and frequencies. The relationship between variables was assessed using the Chi-square and Fisher’s Exact tests, with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results showed a 14.9% prevalence (95% CI: 7.96–21.84) of obstructive respiratory diseases. In the relationship analysis, statistical significance was observed between the outcome and diagnoses of anxiety (p < 0.001) and diabetes (p = 0.044). These findings may support the development of more effective public health policies aimed at improving respiratory health among Indigenous populations, considering the coexistence of mental and metabolic comorbidities.