Ensino de Ciências: das experimentações e das práticas investigativas nas aulas do 6° ano do Ensino Fundamental

Abstract

Many studies and researches point out the need to enable students to understand scientific knowledge perceiving their interrelation with daily phenomena, through dialogic, participatory and problematizing classes that promote the incorporation of research activity to improve the understanding of content. In this perspective, it is essential that the teacher develop pedagogical situations that seek to incorporate investigative practices in the theoretical classes of Sciences. About this, the present research aimed to "understand the importance of research activity in the teaching of Natural Sciences and its relation between theory and practice in the final years of elementary school." For that, a qualitative research was carried out in the intervention modality with students from a 6th grade class of a public high school in the region of Alto Uruguai in Rio Grande do Sul State, in 2016. This research / intervention was carried out in four stages thus defined: diagnosis of the classes of Sciences, projection of the intervention, the intervention and the final analysis. Obtaining the empirical data for this study consisted of writing experimental reports and critical reports by the students, critical report of the teacher, questionnaire with open questions at the beginning and the end of the research, production of written and prepared materials and participant observation, the which are represented through images, analyzes and some attachments throughout this writing. The "product" that resulted from this research is represented in the "analysis of the process experienced in the intervention" and in the reflections on the constructed learning. The intervention proposals made significant contributions to promote contact and to arouse curiosity about the investigative approach. There were weaknesses in the preparation of written responses, as well as artistic ability for the production of the proposed materials, the initial resistance to writing research reports and interactive absence in teaching through research. I found in the intervention process the importance of carrying out investigative activities in line with the theoretical study; however, it is the interplay of whether there will be continuity of investigative teaching by the class teacher. The research activities developed in this study constitute pedagogical moments that can be realized in the classes of Natural Sciences, in order to promote a problematizing and creative approach, essential to the understanding of the scientific knowledge permeated by the natural phenomena of the daily life of the students. It should be said that investigative practices favor the promotion of an active, reflexive and critical posture of the students, arousing interest in the Sciences. I emphasize that structured pedagogical moments with investigative activities promote group involvement, reflection, exchange of knowledge, mutual collaboration, the expression of different abilities, the overcoming of cloistered fears that give space for encouragement, allowing understanding and correlating science theory with the science of everyday life. The planning of the science classes inserted in the investigative teaching is primordial for the demystification of misconceptions about the Sciences of Nature.