Licenciamento ambiental na perspectiva do materialismo histórico

Abstract

Under the perspective of historical materialism, we analyzed the environmental licensing of milk cattle-raisers in the municipality of Santa Rosa, Brazil. The objective of this work was to understand whether the State is able to promote sustainability through environmental laws, as we perceived a shortage on the analysis of local environmental problems, especially in rural areas, based on theoretical and methodological references which allow for the identification of the limitations of procedures related to environmental licensing as it affects the collective. For that, the theoretical references used were elaborated from the ontology of the social being, which is based in the category of work, as well as the category of unequal development, under the perspective of historical materialism, elaborated by Hungarian philosopher György Lukács. The methodological approach and principles that guided the development of this research were based on the Diagnosis Analysis of Agrarian Systems (Análise Diagnóstico de Sistemas Agrários, ADSA). Such method is based on a systematic focus coherent with the position adopted. In this study, we adapted the ADSA method and undertook the following steps: 1) global analysis of the studied theme, that is, environmental licensing; 2) global analysis of the studied area; 3) typology of the farmers and production systems focused on milk production; and, at last, 4) analysis of the environmental licensing undertaken in the municipality of Santa Rosa. The main conclusion put in evidence by the research instrumental used was the inefficiency of the mechanisms adopted by environmental policy due to its exclusively statutory nature. Such inefficiency has an aggravating factor in the way it is applied in an unarticulated manner in relation to other measures necessary for the promotion of sustainability. However, the difficulties of promotion of sustainability through environmental licensing are fundamentally due to the very nature of the State in capitalist societies, as interpreted in the scope of historical materialism.