Indução de mecanismos bioquímicos de defesa em feijoeiro pelo extrato aquoso e óleo essencial de gengibre

Abstract

In Brazil, common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) has great importance both culturally and socially, being a source of income for small and medium farmers. The objective of this work was to evaluate the induction of biochemical defense mechanisms in common bean by aqueous extract and essential oil of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe). The experiments were conducted at the Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Campus Laranjeiras do Sul under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. The experiment with different concentrations of essential oil (0, 0.1, 0.5 and 1%) and aqueous extract (0, 1, 5 and 10%) were conducted in seedlings. Experiment plants were conducted in pots comparing the systemic action in concentrations of essential oil (0.1% and 1%) and aqueous extract (1% and 10%). The activity of peroxidases and polyphenoloxidases were evaluated. Phytoalexin phaseolin induction was evaluated in common bean hypocotyls. The experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design with 4 replicates. The essential oil and aqueous extract promoted induction of peroxidases with quadratic effect over time, although effect of different concentrations was observed only in black beans. Only the essential oil promoted induction of polyphenoloxidases. No systemic effect was observed in common bean plants by the evaluated derivatives. The results indicate potential inducing effect of biochemical defense mechanisms in bean by essential oil and aqueous ginger extract.