O programa de aviso por infrequência de aluno (APOIA): um estudo de sua efetividade no combate à evasão escolar em Chapecó, SC

Abstract

In Brazil, the school requirement that currently extends from 4 to 17 years old, does not exactly mean the right to education for all. The school infrequency, the desertion and the evasion still being in this country a recurrent problem and obstacle for the real fulfillment of this right. The Federal Constitution of 1988, the Statute of the Children and Adolescents (ECA) of 1990 and the Law of Directives and Bases of Education (LDB) of 1996 set the compulsory monitoring of school attendance by the family, by the school and the Tutelary Council. The development of mechanisms to control attendance was in charge of states and municipalities, and it was in this context that the Public Ministry of Santa Catarina created in 2001, a program called Aviso Por Infrequência de Aluno (Warning for Student Infrequency) also know for the acronym APOIA. It is a network program that includes schools, Tutelary Council and Public Ministry, and aims to promote the return of the student between 4 and 17 years to complete basic education, in addition to acting preventively for the student stay in school. Against the previous information about this program based on the school experience itself asked about the effectiveness of the APOIA program concerning its purpose. Therefore, we established as the objective of this research: to analyze the effectiveness of the APOIA Program in combating school evasion from the actions of the institutions involved. In addition, the research also sought to investigate whether the actions developed by the Program are being effective in relation to the reasons that lead students to leave school. Faced with this problematization, a case study was performed in a Chapecó School reaching the Tutelar Council and the Child and Youth Prosecutor's Office from this town. The data collection of this research included: interviews with people involved to the Program in all institutions; interviews with high school students, who returned to school after the Program attendance; school routine observations; and collection of statistical data on the program. Furthermore, we developed some theoretical analyzes about the shape of the brazilian education after the 1988 Federal Constitution. We also have a brief discussion about the social and scholar mechanisms that contribute to school evasion, specially in High School, comprehending authors Pierre Bourdieu and Maria Helena Souza Patto ideas. Finally, an examination of the data collected was performed using the content analysis methodology, with the discussion of four categories: success; right to learning; responsibilities of the institutions and dynamics of the Program. As result, the research showed that the Program presents some advances since its inception, such as its computerization, which occurred in 2013 (APOIA online). However, although the Program represents a breakthrough in public policies to combat school evasion, current actions of the Program are still limited to a concrete return of the student to school, that ensures their learning and their effective completion of Basic Education. The research also revealed the need to create specific strategies to combat high school evasion, a stage in education which attendance in the Program increases significantly. Therefore, we understand that the effectiveness of APOIA is still limited in view of its purpose.