Caracterização de frutos, biometria dos endocarpos e dissimilaridade de butiazeiros na região das Missões

Abstract

The analysis of the biometry of the pyrenees of the butiazeiros is the main parameter to understand the diversity of the plants, this technique allows to identify the genetic proximity of the species present in a given ecosystem. However, studies on genetic diversity are not frequent, for possible use in breeding programs, especially associated with the qualitative characteristics of the fruits. This work aimed to use pyrenees to characterize the species found in the Missões region, analyzing phenotypic differences, and characterizing the fruits. The evaluated fruits and plants were collected in the Missões Region (Cerro Largo, São Pedro do Butiá, Guarani das Missões and Mato Queimado), twenty-five fruits were collected per plant, in a total of ten plants. Species identification was performed through phenotype and gene dissimilarity was compared. The fruits were pulped and the pyrenes were measured, where the longitudinal and equatorial diameters were submitted to cluster analysis (UPGMA), using the Genes Program. With the pulp, the characterization of the ºBrix fruits was carried out; pH; acidity; mass of fruits, pyrenees and seeds (almond). The seeds were placed in gerboxes with sterilized sand, containing five seeds per box, in a total of twenty-five seeds per plant, packed in the B.O.D. with constant temperature of 25° C, without the presence of light and followed for thirty days. Two species of butiazeiros were identified, Butia odorata and Butia paraguayensis, in the studied region. The pyrene biometry proved to be efficient to verify the genetic dissimilarity forming three groups. With the dissimilarity dendrogram it was found that the species Butia odorata has pyrene with a more oval shape, and the species Butia paraguayensis pyrene has a more elongated shape. With the characterization of the fruits it indicated great inter and intraspecific variability where the "sweet" and "acid" fruits occur in both varieties. The proportion of pulp does not make it possible to differentiate Butia odorata from Butia paraguayensis. Phenotypy compared to gene dissimilarity, shows two exclusive groups, one of Butia odorata; another from Butia paraguayensis and a mixed group.