Comercialização de agrotóxicos e sua relação com agravos à saúde e mortalidade no estado do Paraná: um estudo ecológico

Abstract

This study used a quantitative research with an ecological approach, secondary data from 399 municipalities in the state of Paraná were analyzed, which are divided into 22 health regions and 10 geographical mesoregions. Then, the spatial distribution of indicators was carried out, such as the volume of commercialization of pesticides and the correlation with health indicators. Linear regression was applied to assess how much the amount of accumulated marketing of pesticides in the period from 2013 to 2017 influenced the variables analyzed. Its main objective was to identify the volume of commercialization of pesticides in Paraná, considering the agricultural profile of the state and making an association with notifications of injuries and deaths. And its specific objectives: to characterize the agriculture of each mesoregion of Paraná; identify the regions / municipalities with the greatest commercialization of pesticides; identify the regions / municipalities with more cases of exogenous poisoning by work-related pesticides, suicide attempts, suicide, mortality from neoplasms and congenital malformation; verify the association between pesticide consumption and the variables analyzed; and carry out a mapping of regions / municipalities according to the identified data. Article 1 identified the relationship between the commercialization of pesticides and the agricultural characteristics of the geographical mesoregions, as well as the types of pesticides used in the predominant crops and their degree of toxicity.. In article 2, there was a positive and significant association between the amount of commercialization of pesticides and all the analyzed outcomes. Therefore, it is concluded that the greater the quantity of pesticides commercialized, the greater the incidence of intoxication, suicide attempt, suicide, death due to neoplasms and congenital malformation. It is worth noting that, the regional health of Cascavel and the municipality of Cascavel, itself, which lead the ranking of production and commercialization of pesticides in the state, is also the municipality that presented itself in all variables among the five with the highest number of cases. Finally, it is suggested that further studies should be carried out with this design, seeking to identify in the long term whether the flexibility in the regulation of the use of pesticides, as well as the increase in their consumption, has really increased the number of cases of these outcomes in different regions. It also points out the need for greater rigor in the inspection of the commercialized ingredients, as well as in the Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) allowed, in addition to encouraging the practice of agroecology as an alternative for sustainable rural development and for achieving food security and sovereignty.