Óleos essenciais e consórcio com plantas bioativas no controle da septoriose e na indução de enzimas relacionadas a defesa em tomateiro

Abstract

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the most important agricultural crops in the world. However, the various diseases that affect the crop, cause a great reduction in productivity and fruit quality. Currently, synthetic chemicals are the most used in the control of phytopathogens that affect the crop, causing numerous damages to the environment, the health of the farmer and the consumer. In this context, this work aimed to evaluate the consortium and essential oils of bioactive plants in tomato protection. Intercrops of basil (Ocimum basilicum), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), thyme (Thymus vulgaris) and coriander (Coriandum sativum) with tomato were evaluated, as well as the use of essential oils of these species at concentrations of 0, 0.1, 0 .5 and 1%. Under in vitro conditions, the effect on spore germination and mycelial growth of Septoria lycopersici was evaluated. Under greenhouse conditions, septoria severity, plant height and production were evaluated. The total protein content and the activity of peroxidases, polyphenoloxidases and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase enzymes were determined as an indication of the activation of defense mechanisms. Essential oils showed an inhibitory effect on S. lycopersici, with total inhibition of spore germination and mycelial growth at a concentration of 1%. The consortium with bioactive plants did not promote changes in plant development in enzyme activity and disease severity. Essential oils promoted an increase in enzymatic activity in tomato plants. They also promoted a reduction in the severity of septoria, especially rosemary and thyme. The results demonstrate the potential of essential oils from bioactive plants to control tomato septoria.