Unidade temática Terra e Universo: análise curricular no Ensino de Ciências

Abstract

This research considers the relevance of the Thematic Unit (TU) Terra e Universo, which was included in the new Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC), in all years of Elementary School (ES) and High School (HS) in Science Teaching (ST). In this way, it presents throughout the chapters, the qualitative bibliographical and documental review carried out, which had as a corpus of analysis theses, dissertations and eleven collections of textbooks (TB) of Sciences of the National Book and Teaching Material Program 2020 We investigated: How is the TU Terra e Universo shown in the BNCC, TB and research in the area, in relation to practices in the science teaching curriculum? We aimed to analyze the research present in the Brazilian Institute of Information in Science and Technology, the focus given to the curriculum through the TU Terra e Universo in SE, reflecting on the different ways of teaching and their results and understanding the texts of the analyzed textbook collections, based on in the objects of knowledge, competences and skills proposed by the BNCC, noting whether they suggest different methodologies. Methodologically, we used Discursive Textual Analysis. With the analysis, categories emerged that enabled the construction of metatexts that made it possible to discuss and problematize the insertion of this TU in the ES and HS in the SE, emphasizing that the initial and continued training of teachers requires the inclusion of this TU in its planning, execution and evaluation ; we observed suggestions for investigative activities; use of TDIC; of epistemological obstacles found in some textbooks, of differences between the collections of textbooks of ES Sciences (final years) in Brazil in relation to the collections of textbooks in Portugal; possibility of working this UT with an interdisciplinary approach; possible fragmentation and decontextualization in its development throughout the EB and indicate possibilities of differentiated methodologies, with suggestions of practical activities that can be carried out, such as: research activities, construction of models, films, use of applications, making planispheres, visits to planetariums and observation of the sky, among others, which will be described throughout this dissertation.